Risk Engineering

Fire Protection 101: Systems & Fundamentals

REF: HPR_DATA_V.1

While often called "sprinkler heads," the distinction between orientations matters for coverage and safety.

FIG 1.1: Standard Sprinkler Orientations

01. Sprinkler Types

Upright heads stand atop the piping, while Pendent heads hang below. The choice depends on ceiling clearance and piping layout.

02. Detection

Detection is the "brain" of the system—smoke, heat, and liquid sensors trigger the physical response.

[Image of fire triangle oxygen heat fuel]
FIG 1.2: The Combustion Triangle

Understanding Impairments

HPR (Highly Protected Risk) standards are only as good as the maintenance program. An impaired system is a zero-protection system.